Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 5

Vitamin A is scientifically validated as essential for eye health. Its most well-established role is in the maintenance of normal vision, particularly in low-light conditions. Vitamin A is a critical component of rhodopsin, a protein in the retina that absorbs light; deficiency in vitamin A impairs this process and can lead to night blindness, a well-known early symptom. Severe deficiency can also result in xerophthalmia, a spectrum of ocular manifestations including dryness of the conjunctiva and cornea, Bitot's spots, and ultimately, irreversible blindness due to corneal ulceration and necrosis. Numerous clinical and epidemiological studies have confirmed that vitamin A supplementation reduces the risk of blindness and ocular complications in populations where deficiency is prevalent, especially among children in developing countries. The World Health Organization and other public health bodies recommend vitamin A supplementation as a strategy to prevent blindness due to deficiency. However, while vitamin A is effective in preventing and treating deficiency-related eye problems, there is insufficient evidence that supplementation improves vision in people without deficiency or prevents other eye diseases such as age-related macular degeneration. Overall, the use of vitamin A to support or treat eye problems related to deficiency is strongly supported by scientific evidence.

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