Growth factors are biologically active proteins that play a crucial role in cell proliferation, differentiation, and tissue repair. Their use in treating eye problems, particularly in promoting corneal healing and in regenerative therapies, is supported by a growing body of scientific evidence. Various growth factors, such as epidermal growth factor (EGF), nerve growth factor (NGF), and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), have been investigated for their potential to accelerate healing in conditions like corneal ulcers, persistent epithelial defects, and dry eye disease.

Clinical studies have demonstrated that topical application of growth factor-containing preparations can enhance epithelial cell migration and proliferation, leading to faster wound closure and improved outcomes in corneal injuries. For example, recombinant human NGF (cenegermin) has been approved for the treatment of neurotrophic keratitis after clinical trials showed significant benefits in corneal healing and visual acuity.

Additionally, autologous serum eye drops, which are rich in growth factors, are widely used in ophthalmology for the treatment of severe dry eye and corneal surface disorders, with multiple studies supporting their efficacy and safety. However, while preclinical and early-phase clinical data are promising for other growth factors, more large-scale, randomized controlled trials are needed to fully establish their role across a broader range of ocular conditions.