Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Flavonols, a subclass of flavonoids found in many fruits and vegetables (e.g., quercetin, kaempferol), have been investigated for their potential role in supporting eye health, particularly in relation to oxidative stress and age-related eye diseases. Their antioxidant properties are theorized to help protect retinal cells from oxidative damage, a key factor in the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and cataracts. Several in vitro and animal studies have demonstrated that flavonols can reduce oxidative stress markers and inhibit apoptosis in retinal cells. Some observational studies have also associated higher intake of flavonoid-rich foods with a reduced risk of AMD and cataract formation in humans. However, clinical evidence in humans remains limited and inconsistent. While some small-scale human studies have suggested a protective effect against progression of certain eye conditions, large-scale randomized controlled trials are lacking. The Age-Related Eye Disease Studies (AREDS/AREDS2), which form the basis for many eye health supplement recommendations, did not include flavonols specifically, but rather focused on vitamins C and E, beta-carotene, zinc, and copper. In summary, while there is a plausible biological mechanism and some supportive preclinical data, current clinical evidence supporting the use of flavonols for eye health is limited. Thus, the evidence rating is moderate to low (2/5), and further high-quality human studies are needed to confirm their efficacy for eye problems.

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