Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 4

Carotenoids, particularly lutein and zeaxanthin, have robust scientific evidence supporting their use in eye health, especially for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and cataracts. These carotenoids are selectively accumulated in the macula, the central part of the retina, where they form the macular pigment. Their primary role is to filter high-energy blue light and act as antioxidants, protecting retinal cells from oxidative stress—a key factor in the development of AMD and other degenerative eye conditions.

Numerous observational studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have shown that higher dietary intake and supplementation of lutein and zeaxanthin are associated with a reduced risk of AMD progression. The Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2), a large, multicenter RCT funded by the National Institutes of Health, found that a supplement containing lutein (10 mg) and zeaxanthin (2 mg) reduced the risk of progression to advanced AMD in individuals at high risk. The evidence for the role of other carotenoids (such as beta-carotene) is less clear, and in some cases, beta-carotene supplementation may increase lung cancer risk in smokers.

Overall, the scientific consensus is that carotenoids, especially lutein and zeaxanthin, are effective in supporting eye health and may help prevent or slow the progression of certain eye diseases, particularly AMD. However, their effectiveness in preventing cataracts or improving vision in healthy individuals is less well established.

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