Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Succinic acid, also known as butanedioic acid, is a naturally occurring dicarboxylic acid that plays a key role in the citric acid (Krebs) cycle, which is essential for cellular energy production. Its use to support or enhance exercise performance has some scientific foundation, primarily based on its involvement in mitochondrial energy metabolism. The rationale is that supplementing with succinic acid may help increase ATP production, improve cellular energy status, and reduce fatigue during intense physical activity. Some in vitro and animal studies suggest that succinic acid can enhance mitochondrial function and protect against oxidative stress, both of which are relevant to exercise recovery and endurance.

However, human clinical evidence is limited. Few studies have directly assessed the effects of succinic acid supplementation on exercise performance, endurance, or recovery in athletes or the general population. The available research is preliminary, with small sample sizes and inconsistent results. Some sports supplements include succinic acid or its derivatives on the basis of its theoretical benefits rather than robust clinical trials.

In summary, while there is a plausible biochemical rationale and some preclinical data supporting succinic acid's potential benefits for exercise, the evidence in humans is not strong. Thus, succinic acid's use in this context is rated as "scientific*2*"—there is a theoretical and early-stage scientific basis, but not enough high-quality research to strongly support its effectiveness for exercise enhancement or recovery.

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