Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Glycerol polymers, often in the form of glycerol-containing solutions (sometimes called "glycerol supplementation" or "hyperhydration"), have been studied in the context of exercise, particularly endurance and high-intensity activities. The primary rationale for their use is glycerol’s osmotic properties, which allow increased total body water retention when ingested with large volumes of fluid. This hyperhydration effect can delay dehydration, reduce cardiovascular and thermal strain, and potentially enhance exercise performance in hot or prolonged conditions. Several studies have demonstrated that glycerol loading prior to exercise can increase plasma volume and total body water, resulting in improved thermoregulatory responses and endurance performance in some scenarios. However, the magnitude of performance benefit is variable, and not all studies have shown significant effects. The use of glycerol as an ergogenic aid is supported by moderate scientific evidence, but it is not universally recommended or allowed; for example, glycerol was on the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) prohibited list as a plasma expander from 2010 to 2018, but is currently permitted. Overall, while there is scientific evidence supporting the physiological basis and potential benefits of glycerol for exercise performance, especially in heat or prolonged events, the evidence base is mixed, and more research is needed to clarify its efficacy and safety in different populations and sport contexts.

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