Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Glutamine alpha-ketoglutarate (GAKG) is a compound combining the amino acid glutamine with alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG), a key intermediate in the Krebs cycle. The use of GAKG to support exercise performance is primarily justified by modern scientific rationale, though the direct supporting evidence is limited and mixed, resulting in a low to moderate evidence rating.

Glutamine alone is popular among athletes for its purported role in muscle recovery, immune function, and nitrogen transport, but research has generally shown little to no benefit for exercise performance or muscle mass in healthy individuals. Alpha-ketoglutarate, on the other hand, is thought to support energy production and protein synthesis, and has been investigated for its role in reducing muscle protein breakdown.

Some studies have explored the effects of AKG or GAKG supplementation on exercise performance, muscle recovery, and muscle protein metabolism. However, the majority of research is preliminary or conducted in animal models. Human studies are limited and results are inconsistent. A few small studies suggest potential benefits in reducing markers of muscle breakdown or improving recovery, but these effects have not been robustly reproduced or demonstrated in larger, well-controlled trials. Major sports and nutrition organizations do not currently recommend GAKG supplementation for athletes based on available evidence.

In summary, while there is some scientific rationale and limited evidence supporting the use of GAKG for exercise, the current body of research does not strongly validate its efficacy, resulting in a low evidence score.

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