Synopsis

Source of validity: Traditional
Rating (out of 5): 2

Xanthium (commonly known as cocklebur) is primarily used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to support the respiratory system, including the Eustachian tubes, which connect the middle ear to the nasopharynx. In TCM, Xanthium (Cang Er Zi) is a key ingredient in formulas like Cang Er Zi San, traditionally prescribed to "dispel wind" and "open the nasal passages," addressing symptoms such as nasal congestion, sinusitis, and related ear fullness or blockage—which may be linked to Eustachian tube dysfunction.

There is a long history of its use for these indications, with records dating back centuries in Chinese medical texts. The rationale is that by reducing inflammation and congestion in the upper airways, Xanthium may indirectly support the function of the Eustachian tubes. However, modern clinical research is limited and largely focused on its efficacy in sinusitis or allergic rhinitis rather than direct effects on the Eustachian tubes themselves. Some in vitro and animal studies suggest anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties, but robust, high-quality human trials are lacking.

In summary, Xanthium’s use for supporting the Eustachian tubes is justified mainly by tradition, with anecdotal and historical evidence but only limited scientific validation. The evidence rating reflects the strong traditional use but weak scientific support.

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