Evidence supporting the use of: Icariin
For the health condition: Erectile Dysfunction

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Icariin is a flavonoid compound found in Epimedium species, commonly known as "Horny Goat Weed," which has a long history of use in traditional Chinese medicine for supporting male sexual function. Modern scientific research has investigated icariin's effects on erectile dysfunction (ED), primarily through preclinical studies. Icariin has been shown in animal models to inhibit phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5), the same enzyme targeted by sildenafil (Viagra), which increases levels of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and promotes smooth muscle relaxation and blood flow in the corpus cavernosum. Some in vitro studies have suggested that icariin is a weak PDE5 inhibitor compared to pharmaceutical agents, but it may exert additional effects via nitric oxide pathways and possibly through neuroprotective and antioxidant mechanisms. There are also limited studies suggesting possible testosterone-mimetic effects. However, the body of clinical evidence in humans is minimal. Only a few small-scale, low-quality clinical trials or case reports have been published, and robust randomized controlled trials are lacking. Existing studies do not provide strong evidence of efficacy or safety in human ED. Thus, while there is a plausible scientific rationale and promising animal data, the current level of evidence is insufficient to warrant strong recommendations for icariin as a treatment for erectile dysfunction. Further well-designed human trials are necessary to establish clinical efficacy and safety.

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