Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Epimedium extract, also known as "Horny Goat Weed," is traditionally used in Chinese medicine as an aphrodisiac and to treat erectile dysfunction (ED). The key active compound in Epimedium is icariin, a flavonoid believed to have PDE5 inhibitory activity, which is the same enzyme targeted by prescription ED drugs like sildenafil (Viagra). Laboratory and animal studies have demonstrated that icariin can increase nitric oxide production and improve endothelial function, mechanisms relevant to erectile function. However, the majority of research is preclinical, with very few well-designed human clinical trials. Some small studies suggest modest benefits, but these are limited by sample size, lack of controls, and potential bias. Systematic reviews conclude that while there is a plausible scientific basis and promising animal data, robust clinical evidence in humans is lacking. Safety data is also insufficient for long-term use. Thus, while the use of Epimedium extract for ED is supported by both traditional use and some scientific rationale, the level of scientific evidence from human studies remains low, meriting a rating of 2 out of 5.

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