Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 4

Ketones, specifically in the form of ketone bodies produced by the liver, are central to the mechanism of the ketogenic diet, which has been scientifically validated as an effective treatment for refractory epilepsy, particularly in children. The ketogenic diet is high in fat, low in carbohydrates, and adequate in protein, leading to the production of ketone bodies (acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and acetone) as alternative energy substrates for the brain. Numerous clinical trials and meta-analyses have demonstrated that a ketogenic diet can significantly reduce the frequency and severity of seizures in individuals who do not respond to conventional antiepileptic drugs. The anti-epileptic effects are believed to arise from various mechanisms, including altered brain energy metabolism, modulation of neurotransmitters, and stabilization of neuronal networks. Exogenous ketones (such as ketone esters or salts) are being investigated as adjunct therapies, though the evidence for their direct use (outside of the diet) is still emerging. Most of the robust evidence comes from the dietary approach that induces endogenous ketone production. Guidelines from organizations such as the International League Against Epilepsy and multiple systematic reviews support the ketogenic diet as a valid non-pharmacological treatment option for epilepsy, especially in pediatric cases. Therefore, the use of "ketones" in epilepsy management is strongly supported by scientific evidence, with the majority of benefit attributed to their role in metabolism during ketogenic dietary therapy.

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