Lactococcus rhamnosus, more accurately referred to as Lactobacillus rhamnosus (with L. rhamnosus GG being the most studied strain), is supported by substantial scientific evidence for use in the prevention and treatment of enteritis, particularly infectious and antibiotic-associated enteritis. Numerous randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses have demonstrated that L. rhamnosus GG can reduce the duration and severity of acute diarrhea in children, especially when caused by rotavirus or other infectious agents (Szajewska et al., 2001; Allen et al., 2010). Additionally, research shows efficacy in preventing antibiotic-associated diarrhea and Clostridioides difficile infection (Cochrane Review, Goldenberg et al., 2013). The proposed mechanisms include enhancement of gut barrier function, competitive inhibition of pathogen adhesion, and modulation of host immune responses.

While the majority of clinical data focuses on L. rhamnosus GG, other strains of L. rhamnosus are also being investigated. The European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) and other expert panels recommend its use in certain subpopulations. However, the evidence is strongest in pediatric populations, with somewhat less robust but still positive findings in adults. Overall, the use of L. rhamnosus for enteritis is justified by scientific validation, with a high level of evidence supporting its efficacy in reducing symptoms and duration of acute infectious enteritis.