Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Bitter orange (Citrus aurantium) is commonly included in dietary supplements marketed for increased energy and weight loss. The primary active compound, synephrine, is structurally similar to ephedrine, which is known for its stimulant properties. Some small clinical studies have shown that bitter orange extracts can increase metabolic rate and mildly elevate energy expenditure, likely due to the sympathomimetic (stimulant) effects of synephrine. For example, a 2012 review in the International Journal of Medical Sciences noted that synephrine may support increased energy and alertness, although the effects are generally modest compared to stronger stimulants like caffeine or ephedrine.

Historically, bitter orange has been used in traditional Chinese medicine and other systems, but primarily for digestive issues rather than for energy enhancement. The scientific evidence supporting its use to combat a lack of energy is limited; most studies are small, short-term, and sometimes confounded by the inclusion of other stimulants (like caffeine) in the supplement formulations. Concerns also exist about potential cardiovascular side effects, especially in sensitive individuals. Overall, there is some scientific basis for its stimulant and energy-increasing effects, but the quality and quantity of supporting evidence remain limited, and safety concerns warrant caution.

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