Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Hyaluronidase is an enzyme that degrades hyaluronic acid, a major component of the extracellular matrix, thereby increasing tissue permeability. Its use in supporting or treating edema—particularly localized or subcutaneous edema—has scientific validation, mostly within clinical contexts such as extravasation injuries, hematomas, and as an adjunct to subcutaneous or intramuscular drug delivery. The rationale is that by breaking down hyaluronic acid, hyaluronidase temporarily increases tissue permeability, facilitating the absorption of excess fluids and dispersed substances.

Several clinical studies and case reports have demonstrated the efficacy of hyaluronidase in accelerating the resolution of edema associated with extravasation of intravenous fluids or medications, particularly in pediatric and oncology settings. The enzyme is often injected near the area of swelling to promote the dispersion and absorption of the accumulated fluid. However, evidence for its use in more generalized or chronic forms of edema (e.g., heart failure, renal disease) is lacking, and its benefit appears limited to localized, acute situations.

Guidelines and reviews (e.g., from the American Society of Plastic Surgeons and various pediatric and oncology sources) acknowledge its role, particularly for extravasation injuries, but do not support its use for systemic edema. Adverse reactions are uncommon but can include allergic responses. In summary, scientific evidence supports hyaluronidase’s use for specific, localized types of edema, but not for chronic or systemic edema.

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