Emulsions, particularly oil-in-water emulsions, are widely used in dermatology for the management of eczema (atopic dermatitis). Scientific evidence supports their efficacy as moisturizers (emollients) that help to restore and maintain the skin barrier, which is compromised in eczema. Eczema is characterized by dry, inflamed, and itchy skin due to impaired barrier function and increased transepidermal water loss. Emulsions provide a mixture of water and lipids that hydrate the skin and replenish deficient lipids, leading to reduced dryness and irritation. Clinical studies have demonstrated that regular application of emollient emulsions decreases the frequency of eczema flare-ups, improves skin hydration, and reduces the need for topical corticosteroids.

Various guidelines, including those from the American Academy of Dermatology and the European Dermatology Forum, recommend the use of emollients as first-line therapy for atopic dermatitis. The evidence base includes randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses that confirm their benefit for symptom relief and skin barrier repair. While the type of emulsion (oil-in-water vs. water-in-oil) may be tailored to patient preference and skin condition, the general consensus is that emulsion-based moisturizers are scientifically validated as a cornerstone of eczema management.