Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (formerly Lactobacillus plantarum) is a probiotic bacterial species that has been studied for its potential benefits in various gastrointestinal conditions, including diverticulitis. The rationale for its use in diverticulitis is primarily based on its ability to modulate gut microbiota, enhance intestinal barrier functions, and exert anti-inflammatory effects. These mechanisms are relevant because diverticulitis is believed to involve gut microbiome dysbiosis and localized inflammation of the colon.

Clinical evidence for L. plantarum specifically in the management of diverticulitis is limited but emerging. A few small randomized controlled trials and observational studies have assessed the role of multispecies probiotics (often including L. plantarum) in preventing recurrent diverticulitis or reducing associated symptoms. These studies suggest a potential benefit in reducing inflammation, improving bowel symptoms, and possibly lowering recurrence rates. However, most of the available research involves probiotic combinations rather than L. plantarum alone, and sample sizes are small. A 2021 review in Nutrients concluded that while probiotics may be promising adjuncts in diverticular disease (especially for symptom control in uncomplicated cases), more robust, well-powered studies are needed before routine use can be recommended.

In summary, there is some scientific rationale and preliminary clinical evidence supporting the use of L. plantarum in diverticulitis, but the overall strength of the evidence is low (score 2/5). More high-quality clinical trials are required to establish efficacy and optimal probiotic formulations.