Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Sulforaphane, a naturally occurring isothiocyanate found in cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli, has garnered scientific interest for its potential protective effects against diabetic retinopathy (DR). Preclinical studies, primarily conducted in vitro and in animal models, suggest that sulforaphane may help mitigate retinal damage associated with diabetes. The proposed mechanisms include its activation of the Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2) pathway, which enhances the cellular antioxidant response, and the inhibition of inflammatory signaling pathways such as NF-κB. These actions may reduce oxidative stress and inflammation—two major contributors to the progression of diabetic retinopathy. For example, studies in diabetic rats have demonstrated that sulforaphane supplementation can reduce retinal vascular leakage, decrease levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and preserve the integrity of retinal structures. Additionally, sulforaphane has been shown to inhibit the expression of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), a molecule implicated in abnormal blood vessel growth in DR. However, despite these promising findings, there is currently a lack of robust clinical trial data in humans to confirm the efficacy and safety of sulforaphane for the prevention or treatment of diabetic retinopathy. Thus, while the scientific rationale is supported by preclinical evidence (rating 2), clinical validation remains insufficient, and sulforaphane is not yet a standard or widely recommended therapy for this condition.

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