Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Stem cell therapy is being actively researched as a potential treatment for diabetic retinopathy (DR), a common complication of diabetes characterized by damage to the blood vessels of the retina. Current scientific evidence supporting the use of stem cells for DR is primarily based on preclinical studies and early-phase clinical trials. These studies suggest that certain types of stem cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), may help repair damaged retinal tissue, reduce inflammation, and promote vascular regeneration. The mechanisms involve the secretion of trophic factors, modulation of immune responses, and potential differentiation into retinal cells. Several small-scale human trials have demonstrated the safety of intravitreal or subretinal stem cell injections, and some have shown modest improvements in retinal function or vascular stability. However, large-scale, long-term randomized controlled trials are still lacking, and there are significant concerns regarding the long-term safety, risk of unwanted cell proliferation, and regulatory challenges. As such, while the scientific rationale for using stem cells in DR is strong and initial results are promising, the evidence base is not yet robust enough for routine clinical implementation. More research is needed to confirm efficacy, optimize protocols, and ensure safety before stem cell therapies can become standard care for diabetic retinopathy.

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