Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Polyphenols, a class of naturally occurring compounds found in fruits, vegetables, tea, and other plant-based foods, have been explored for their potential role in supporting or treating diabetic retinopathy (DR). Scientific evidence supporting their use primarily comes from preclinical studies and a limited number of small clinical trials. Polyphenols such as resveratrol, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), curcumin, and quercetin have demonstrated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-angiogenic properties in cellular and animal models of DR. These mechanisms are relevant because oxidative stress, inflammation, and abnormal blood vessel formation contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. Some small-scale human studies and meta-analyses suggest that diets rich in polyphenols may be associated with decreased risk or slower progression of DR, but there is insufficient evidence from large, well-designed randomized controlled trials to establish efficacy for treatment. The bulk of current research is preclinical, with ongoing investigations into bioavailability, dosing, and long-term effects. As such, polyphenols are considered a scientifically promising adjunct for DR management, especially as part of a healthy diet, but not a standalone or primary therapy. Clinical guidelines do not currently recommend specific polyphenol supplements for diabetic retinopathy, but ongoing research may further elucidate their role in the future.

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