Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Polyphenols, a diverse group of naturally occurring compounds found in plants (such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, stilbenes, and lignans), have been investigated as potential supportive treatments for diabetic retinopathy (DR). Scientific interest is based on their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and vasoprotective properties, which may counteract the oxidative stress and microvascular damage central to DR pathogenesis. Preclinical studies (in vitro and animal models) have demonstrated that polyphenols, such as resveratrol, quercetin, and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), can reduce retinal oxidative stress, inhibit inflammatory cytokine production, and protect retinal vasculature from diabetes-induced injury. Some small-scale clinical trials and observational studies suggest possible benefits from diets rich in polyphenols or supplementation, but the evidence is limited, heterogeneous, and often inconclusive. No large-scale, well-powered randomized controlled trials have definitively established the efficacy of polyphenols in preventing or treating diabetic retinopathy in humans. Thus, while there is a scientific rationale and preliminary evidence supporting their use, the current level of evidence is modest, and polyphenols are not considered a standard therapy for DR. Ongoing research is needed to clarify their clinical relevance, optimal dosing, and safety in this context.

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