Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Polyphenols (mixed) have been investigated for their possible role in supporting or treating diabetic retinopathy, primarily due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. There is some scientific evidence from in vitro and animal studies suggesting that polyphenols—such as resveratrol, quercetin, and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)—can reduce oxidative stress and inflammation in retinal cells, which are key mechanisms in the development of diabetic retinopathy. For example, polyphenols may inhibit the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and suppress the pathways leading to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) overexpression, both of which contribute to retinal damage in diabetes. A limited number of small human clinical trials and observational studies have examined polyphenol-rich diets or supplements and retinal health in diabetic patients, with some reporting modest benefits in retinal blood flow or retinal thickness. However, these studies often use mixed formulations, small sample sizes, or short durations, making it difficult to draw definitive conclusions. Most clinical guidelines do not currently recommend polyphenols as a primary or adjunct therapy for diabetic retinopathy due to insufficient high-quality evidence. In summary, while the theoretical rationale and preclinical data are promising, and early clinical data are suggestive, robust clinical validation is lacking. The evidence supporting the use of mixed polyphenols for diabetic retinopathy is therefore considered weak to moderate (rated 2/5).

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