Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 5

Insulin is scientifically validated for use in managing diabetes mellitus, which is the primary underlying cause of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication that occurs due to chronic hyperglycemia damaging retinal blood vessels. Insulin is not a direct treatment for the retinopathy itself, but is used to control blood glucose levels, thereby preventing the onset and progression of diabetic retinopathy. Multiple large-scale clinical studies, most notably the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) for type 1 diabetes and the UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) for type 2 diabetes, have robustly demonstrated that intensive glycemic control with insulin reduces the risk of developing diabetic retinopathy and slows its progression. These findings are reflected in current clinical guidelines from organizations such as the American Diabetes Association and the International Council of Ophthalmology, which emphasize tight glycemic control as a foundational strategy for managing and preventing diabetic retinopathy. While insulin does not reverse established retinal damage, its role in systemic glucose regulation is critical to reducing further retinal injury. Therefore, the use of insulin in diabetic retinopathy is strongly evidence-based, rooted in its ability to address the primary cause—chronic hyperglycemia.

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