Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Flavonols, a subclass of flavonoids found in many fruits and vegetables, have attracted scientific interest for their potential role in supporting or treating diabetic retinopathy (DR). Diabetic retinopathy is a diabetes complication that affects the eyes, primarily due to chronic hyperglycemia-induced damage to retinal blood vessels. Flavonols such as quercetin, kaempferol, and myricetin have demonstrated antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and vasoprotective effects in preclinical studies. Laboratory and animal research indicates that flavonols can reduce oxidative stress, inhibit inflammatory pathways (such as NF-κB), and protect retinal cells from apoptosis. These mechanisms are directly relevant to the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy, which is characterized by oxidative damage, inflammation, and microvascular dysfunction.

Several studies, including in vitro and animal models, have shown that supplementation with flavonols can decrease retinal vascular permeability, reduce formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), and ameliorate retinal structural changes in diabetes. However, robust clinical trials in humans are limited, and most evidence derives from laboratory settings. Some small human studies and observational data suggest that a diet high in flavonol-rich foods may correlate with decreased risk or slower progression of diabetic retinopathy, but these findings are not yet conclusive. Overall, the use of flavonols for diabetic retinopathy is scientifically plausible and supported by moderate preclinical evidence, but further clinical research is needed to substantiate their therapeutic efficacy and safety.

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