Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Flavanols, a subclass of flavonoids found in foods like cocoa, tea, apples, and berries, have been investigated for their potential role in managing diabetic retinopathy due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and vasoprotective properties. Preclinical studies in animal models and cell cultures have demonstrated that flavanols, particularly epicatechin and catechin, can help reduce oxidative stress, inhibit inflammation, and improve microvascular function in the retina—all factors implicated in the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy. Several mechanistic studies suggest flavanols modulate signaling pathways involved in vascular endothelial function and may reduce vascular permeability and neovascularization.

However, robust clinical evidence in humans is limited. A few small pilot clinical trials and observational studies have reported improvement in retinal blood flow and some functional parameters in diabetic patients consuming flavanol-rich foods or supplements, but these studies are generally of low quality, short duration, and include small sample sizes. No large, well-controlled randomized clinical trials have confirmed flavanols' efficacy for the prevention or treatment of diabetic retinopathy. Therefore, while there is some scientific rationale and preliminary evidence suggesting a potential benefit, the overall strength of evidence is weak and insufficient to draw firm conclusions or make clinical recommendations. Ongoing research may clarify their role in the future.

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