Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Flavanols, a subclass of flavonoids commonly found in foods such as cocoa, tea, apples, and berries, have been investigated for their potential role in supporting diabetic retinopathy. The scientific rationale stems from their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and vasoprotective properties. Preclinical studies in animal models and some small human trials suggest that flavanols may help protect retinal cells from oxidative stress and microvascular damage, both of which are central to the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. For example, (Cocoa flavanols protect against retinal damage in diabetic rats: Diabetic Medicine, 2013) demonstrated that cocoa-derived flavanols reduced retinal vascular leakage and improved retinal function in diabetic rats. Human evidence, however, is limited and mostly indirect. While there are studies showing that dietary flavanol intake is associated with improved vascular health and reduced inflammation in people with diabetes, direct clinical trials assessing their effect specifically on diabetic retinopathy are scarce. Therefore, although the mechanistic rationale is promising and some preclinical data support their use, robust clinical evidence in humans is lacking. Flavanols are not currently recommended as a primary therapy for diabetic retinopathy, but ongoing research may further elucidate their role as an adjunctive strategy in the future.

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