Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) is an anthocyanin found in many fruits and vegetables, notably in berries and black rice. There is emerging scientific interest in its potential role in supporting or treating diabetic retinopathy, but the evidence is currently limited and mostly preclinical. Several in vitro and animal studies have demonstrated that C3G possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties, which may help protect retinal cells from the oxidative stress and vascular damage seen in diabetic retinopathy. For example, research in diabetic animal models has shown that C3G administration can reduce retinal vascular leakage, inhibit the formation of acellular capillaries, and decrease levels of inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species in the retina. These effects are thought to be mediated by modulation of key signaling pathways, such as inhibition of NF-κB and upregulation of antioxidant enzymes. However, robust clinical trials in humans are lacking, and there is insufficient evidence to recommend C3G as a primary or adjunct therapy for diabetic retinopathy. Thus, while the scientific rationale is plausible and preclinical data are promising, the current level of evidence is low (rated 2/5), pending further clinical validation.

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