Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Catechin, a type of flavonoid predominantly found in green tea, cocoa, and certain fruits, has been investigated for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. There is emerging scientific interest in the potential use of catechin and related polyphenols for diabetic retinopathy, a diabetes complication characterized by damage to the retinal blood vessels. Most of the evidence comes from preclinical studies: in vitro (cell culture) and animal models have shown that catechins may help reduce oxidative stress, inhibit inflammation, and protect retinal cells from hyperglycemia-induced damage. Some studies also suggest that catechins may inhibit the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), which play a role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. However, high-quality human clinical trials directly assessing the efficacy of catechin for diabetic retinopathy are lacking as of 2024. The majority of data supporting its use are preliminary and not yet translated into clinical recommendations. While catechin demonstrates promising biological activities relevant to the mechanisms of diabetic retinopathy, its actual benefit in human patients remains unproven beyond laboratory studies. Therefore, while there is a scientific rationale and some preclinical evidence, robust clinical validation is currently insufficient, resulting in a modest evidence rating.

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