Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Carotenoids, such as lutein and zeaxanthin, are pigments found in various fruits and vegetables and are present in high concentrations in the retina, particularly the macula. Their use in diabetic retinopathy (DR) is justified primarily by scientific interest due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which may help counteract the oxidative stress and inflammation observed in DR. Preclinical studies and some small human trials suggest that carotenoids might protect retinal cells from damage in diabetes by neutralizing free radicals and reducing vascular permeability.

However, the clinical evidence supporting their use in treating or preventing diabetic retinopathy is limited and not definitive. Several observational studies have shown lower levels of macular carotenoids in patients with diabetes and DR compared to healthy controls. Some small interventional studies have reported improvements in retinal function or structure with carotenoid supplementation, but most have been short-term, with small sample sizes and without robust clinical endpoints. No large randomized controlled trials have demonstrated a clear benefit of carotenoids for preventing progression or improving outcomes in DR.

Thus, while there is scientific rationale and some preliminary evidence, the overall quality and quantity of human data are insufficient for strong clinical recommendations. Carotenoids are not standard therapy for diabetic retinopathy, but research is ongoing.

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