Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Boswellic acid, a major active component of Boswellia serrata (frankincense), has been investigated for its anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic properties, which are relevant to the pathophysiology of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Preclinical studies have demonstrated that boswellic acids can inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and interleukins, as well as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), both of which are implicated in the progression of DR. Animal studies, including those in diabetic rats, have shown that Boswellia extracts can reduce retinal vascular leakage, oxidative stress, and inflammation. For example, a 2016 study (Parveen et al., Phytotherapy Research) found that Boswellia serrata extract improved retinal histology and reduced inflammation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. However, there is a lack of robust human clinical trials directly evaluating boswellic acid’s efficacy in patients with diabetic retinopathy. The majority of evidence is preclinical and mechanistic, with only limited anecdotal or case-based human data. Therefore, while there is a scientific rationale and some promising experimental data, clinical validation is insufficient, and its use should be considered experimental pending further research.

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