Evidence supporting the use of: Blueberry
For the health condition: Diabetic Retinopathy

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.), particularly its fruit and extract, has attracted scientific interest for its potential role in supporting eye health, including in conditions like diabetic retinopathy (DR). The rationale stems from blueberries’ high content of anthocyanins and other polyphenolic compounds, which are known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that anthocyanins may help protect retinal cells from oxidative stress and inflammation—key factors implicated in the development and progression of DR. Animal models of diabetes have shown that blueberry extracts can reduce retinal damage and vascular leakage. Some in vitro studies suggest that blueberry compounds can inhibit pathways involved in diabetic microvascular complications. However, the direct clinical evidence in humans is limited. While a few small clinical trials and observational studies have linked higher intake of anthocyanin-rich foods (including blueberries) with better retinal health and reduced risk of DR progression, these findings are not conclusive and often confounded by dietary and lifestyle factors. No large-scale, high-quality randomized controlled trials have specifically evaluated blueberry supplementation for the prevention or treatment of diabetic retinopathy. In summary, while there is a plausible scientific basis and encouraging preclinical data, the current human evidence is preliminary. Thus, blueberries may be considered as a supportive dietary option, but cannot be relied upon as a primary or evidence-based treatment for DR at this time.

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