Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Astaxanthin is a carotenoid with potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and its use for diabetic retinopathy is primarily supported by preclinical scientific research. Diabetic retinopathy is characterized by oxidative stress, inflammation, and vascular damage in the retina, and antioxidants like astaxanthin have been investigated as potential protective agents. Several animal and in vitro studies suggest that astaxanthin can reduce oxidative stress and inhibit inflammatory pathways in retinal cells exposed to high glucose levels. For example, research has shown that astaxanthin supplementation in diabetic rats reduced retinal oxidative damage and prevented some of the structural and functional changes associated with diabetic retinopathy. Mechanistically, astaxanthin appears to reduce levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), suppress NF-κB activation (a key inflammatory signaling pathway), and inhibit apoptosis of retinal cells. However, evidence in humans is very limited. There are currently no large, high-quality clinical trials demonstrating that astaxanthin supplementation can prevent or treat diabetic retinopathy in people with diabetes. Most human studies on astaxanthin have focused on general eye health, oxidative stress, or other conditions. Thus, while the biological rationale and animal data are promising, the clinical relevance remains uncertain, and more research is required before astaxanthin can be recommended for this indication.

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