Anthocyanosides (anthocyanins), the bioactive flavonoid compounds found in berries such as bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus), have been investigated for their potential role in supporting retinal health, particularly in the context of diabetic retinopathy. The scientific rationale stems from their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and vascular-protective properties, which could theoretically help stabilize blood vessels in the retina and reduce oxidative stress—key factors in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy.

Several small clinical studies and animal experiments have suggested that anthocyanosides may improve microcirculation in retinal tissues, decrease capillary permeability, and protect retinal cells from oxidative damage. Some early European studies from the late 20th century reported improvements in retinal function and reductions in retinal hemorrhages in diabetic patients taking bilberry extracts. However, these studies often suffered from methodological limitations, such as small sample sizes, lack of blinding, and short duration.

More recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses note a lack of large, high-quality randomized controlled trials specifically evaluating anthocyanosides for diabetic retinopathy. While preclinical data and preliminary human studies are promising, the overall clinical evidence remains limited and insufficient to firmly recommend anthocyanosides as a primary or adjunctive treatment for diabetic retinopathy. Thus, while their use is scientifically motivated and somewhat supported by preliminary evidence, more robust research is needed to confirm efficacy and establish guidelines for clinical use.