Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Anthocyanidins are a class of flavonoids found in many fruits and vegetables, especially those with red, blue, or purple pigmentation (e.g., berries, grapes). Their use in diabetic retinopathy is supported by some scientific evidence, though not robustly. Several preclinical studies have shown that anthocyanidins possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and vasoprotective properties, which may benefit retinal microvasculature compromised in diabetic retinopathy. For example, extracts rich in anthocyanidins, such as from bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus), have demonstrated the ability to reduce capillary permeability and improve microcirculation in animal models and small human studies.

Some early clinical trials and observational studies have suggested that anthocyanidin-rich preparations may help slow the progression of retinopathy or alleviate associated symptoms, likely by mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation in retinal tissues. However, these studies are limited by small sample sizes, short durations, and lack of standardization regarding anthocyanidin dosage and composition. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses note that while the biological rationale is strong, high-quality, large-scale randomized controlled trials are lacking. As such, the scientific evidence for anthocyanidins in diabetic retinopathy is considered preliminary (rated 2/5), and more research is needed to confirm efficacy and establish clinical guidelines.

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