Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Anthocyanidins are a class of flavonoid compounds found in various fruits and vegetables, particularly those with red, blue, or purple pigmentation (e.g., berries, red cabbage). Their use in supporting or treating diabetic retinopathy is primarily based on their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and vasoprotective properties. Preclinical studies have shown that anthocyanidins can reduce oxidative stress, inhibit the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and protect retinal capillaries from hyperglycemia-induced damage—mechanisms relevant to diabetic retinopathy pathogenesis.

There are a limited number of small human clinical trials and observational studies (often using anthocyanin-rich extracts such as bilberry) suggesting potential benefits for retinal microcirculation and visual function in diabetic patients. However, these studies are generally of low methodological quality, with small sample sizes and short durations. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses highlight the need for larger, well-designed randomized controlled trials to confirm efficacy. Currently, the scientific evidence supporting the use of anthocyanidins for diabetic retinopathy is considered preliminary and insufficient for strong clinical recommendations.

In summary, while there is a plausible biological rationale and initial scientific interest, the evidence base is weak to moderate (rated 2), and anthocyanidins should not be regarded as an established therapy for diabetic retinopathy pending further research.

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