Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Lactoperoxidase is an enzyme found naturally in milk and various bodily secretions. It is part of the body's innate immune system, primarily known for its antimicrobial activity, particularly against bacteria, fungi, and some viruses. The enzyme's mechanism involves the generation of hypothiocyanite ions in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and thiocyanate, which disrupt microbial cell function. In the context of dermatitis, especially atopic dermatitis, the skin barrier is often compromised, leading to increased susceptibility to microbial colonization and infection, notably by Staphylococcus aureus. Several topical formulations for managing dermatitis, especially in Europe and Asia, have incorporated lactoperoxidase, often alongside other enzymes like glucose oxidase and lysozyme. The rationale for its inclusion is to reduce microbial load and potentially modulate local inflammation. Some in vitro and small-scale clinical studies have demonstrated that topical lactoperoxidase-containing preparations can reduce bacterial colonization and modestly improve some symptoms of dermatitis. However, large, well-controlled clinical trials are lacking, and most available evidence is of low to moderate quality. As such, the use of lactoperoxidase in dermatitis is based on a plausible scientific mechanism and some preliminary human data, but robust clinical validation is still pending. Thus, while there is a scientific basis for its use, the strength of evidence supporting its effectiveness for dermatitis is currently limited.

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