Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Iridoid glycosides are a class of phytochemicals found in various medicinal plants such as Plantago lanceolata (plantain), Harpagophytum procumbens (devil’s claw), and Scrophularia species. These compounds have drawn attention for their anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. Several in vitro and animal studies suggest that iridoid glycosides can inhibit the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reduce oxidative stress, mechanisms implicated in the pathogenesis of dermatitis. For example, aucubin and catalpol, two well-studied iridoid glycosides, have demonstrated the ability to reduce skin inflammation in animal models of contact dermatitis and atopic dermatitis by downregulating inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α and IL-6.

Despite promising preclinical data, robust clinical evidence in humans is limited. A few small-scale clinical studies and case reports exist for topical preparations containing plant extracts rich in iridoid glycosides, showing some benefit in mild-to-moderate eczema or dermatitis. However, these studies often lack rigorous controls or use whole plant extracts rather than isolated iridoid glycosides, making it difficult to attribute benefits specifically to these compounds. As such, while there is a scientific rationale and some early evidence supporting the use of iridoid glycosides for dermatitis, the overall quality and quantity of human evidence is modest, justifying a low-to-moderate evidence rating.

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