Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Vitamin B12 (deoxyadenosylcobalamin) is considered to have a scientific basis for supporting or treating depression, but the evidence is limited and not robust. Research indicates that low levels of vitamin B12 are associated with an increased risk of depressive symptoms, particularly in older adults. Several observational studies have shown a correlation between B12 deficiency and depression, and a few small randomized controlled trials suggest that supplementation may improve depressive symptoms, especially in individuals with low or borderline B12 levels. The proposed mechanism involves B12's role in one-carbon metabolism and the synthesis of neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine, which are important for mood regulation.

However, the evidence is not strong enough to recommend B12 supplementation for depression in people with normal B12 status. Most clinical guidelines suggest checking for and correcting B12 deficiency in patients with depression, particularly in at-risk groups (e.g., elderly, vegetarians, individuals with malabsorption), but do not recommend it as a primary or stand-alone therapy for depression. Meta-analyses and systematic reviews generally conclude that while B12 deficiency may contribute to depressive symptoms, supplementation is most beneficial only for those who are deficient.

In summary, there is moderate scientific support for ensuring adequate B12 levels in the context of depression, but limited evidence that supplementation helps with depression in individuals who are not deficient.

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