Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Poly-thyronine refers to multiple forms of thyroid hormone, with liothyronine (T3) being most commonly studied in psychiatric contexts. The use of thyroid hormones, especially T3, as an adjunctive treatment for depression—particularly treatment-resistant depression (TRD)—is supported by scientific research, though the evidence is moderate rather than definitive. Several randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses have shown that adding T3 to standard antidepressant therapy (usually tricyclic antidepressants or, less commonly, SSRIs) can accelerate and enhance antidepressant response in some patients, especially those who have not responded adequately to antidepressant monotherapy. The most robust evidence exists for triiodothyronine (T3) augmentation of tricyclic antidepressants, with multiple studies indicating a statistically significant improvement in response rates. The mechanism is thought to involve modulation of neurotransmitter systems and increased sensitivity of mood-related brain circuits to antidepressants.

However, not all studies have demonstrated benefit, and the effect size is generally modest. There is less evidence to support T3 augmentation with newer antidepressants, and guidelines generally recommend its use only after standard therapies have failed. The use of thyroid hormone in patients with normal thyroid function is done cautiously due to risks such as arrhythmias and bone loss. Overall, scientific evidence supports the use of T3 (a form of thyronine) as an adjunctive agent in select cases of depression, but it is not considered first-line therapy.

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