Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Limonene is a naturally occurring compound found in citrus fruits and their essential oils. Its use for supporting or treating depression is primarily based on preclinical scientific studies rather than long-standing traditional medicine. Animal studies have suggested that limonene may exert antidepressant-like effects. For example, research in rodents has shown that inhalation or oral administration of limonene can reduce behaviors associated with depression, possibly by modulating neurotransmitter systems such as serotonin and dopamine, and influencing the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis.

However, clinical evidence in humans is very limited. A small number of pilot studies and case reports have indicated potential benefits of limonene-rich aromatherapy in improving mood and alleviating mild symptoms of depression, but these studies often suffer from methodological limitations such as small sample sizes, lack of control groups, and short durations.

Overall, while there is some promising preclinical evidence, robust clinical trials in humans are lacking. The current scientific evidence supporting limonene's use for depression is modest and preliminary, and more research is needed before it can be recommended as an evidence-based treatment for depression.

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