Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Beta-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) is a ketone body produced during periods of fasting, ketogenic diets, or prolonged exercise, and is sometimes used as a supplement. Its potential use in supporting or treating depression has emerged from recent preclinical and early clinical studies, rather than from traditional medicine or longstanding clinical practice.

Animal studies have indicated that BHB may exert antidepressant-like effects through multiple mechanisms, including the reduction of neuroinflammation, modulation of neurotransmitter systems, and improved mitochondrial function. For example, BHB has been shown to inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome, a component of the immune system associated with inflammation and depression. In rodent models, administration of BHB resulted in reduced depressive-like behaviors, potentially by lowering neuroinflammatory markers and supporting brain energy metabolism.

Human evidence is currently limited. Some small pilot studies and case reports suggest possible mood-improving effects of ketogenic diets or exogenous ketones (which increase BHB levels), but robust, large-scale randomized controlled trials are lacking. The evidence base is therefore preliminary and does not yet justify widespread clinical use for depression.

In summary, while there is emerging scientific interest and some early evidence suggesting potential antidepressant effects of BHB, the current strength of evidence is low (rated 2/5), and further research is required to establish both efficacy and safety for this purpose.

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