Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 4

Active amines, particularly monoamines such as serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine, play a crucial role in the neurobiology of depression. The "monoamine hypothesis" of depression, which originated in the mid-20th century, posits that a deficiency or dysfunction in these neurotransmitters contributes to the development of depressive symptoms. This theory provided the foundation for the development of many modern antidepressant medications, including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), all of which increase the synaptic availability of these active amines. Numerous clinical trials and meta-analyses have shown that medications which modulate active amines can significantly alleviate symptoms of depression in many patients. However, the efficacy is moderate and not all individuals respond, indicating that depression is a multifactorial disorder and not solely due to monoamine imbalance. Recent research has also highlighted the roles of neuroplasticity, inflammation, and other neural systems. Nevertheless, the regulation of active amines remains a scientifically validated and widely used approach in the pharmacological treatment of depression. Overall, the evidence supporting the use of agents that target active amines in depression is strong, but not absolute, justifying a rating of 4 out of 5.

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