Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

5-HTP (5-hydroxytryptophan) is an amino acid that serves as a direct precursor to serotonin, a neurotransmitter involved in mood regulation. The rationale for using 5-HTP in depression stems from the "serotonin hypothesis," which suggests that low serotonin levels contribute to depressive symptoms. Several clinical studies, mostly small and of short duration, have investigated oral 5-HTP supplementation (typically 100-300 mg/day) for treating depression. Some randomized controlled trials from the 1970s to early 2000s reported that 5-HTP was as effective as certain antidepressants (such as fluvoxamine) and superior to placebo for mild to moderate depression. However, many of these studies had methodological shortcomings, including small sample sizes and lack of rigorous blinding.

A 2002 Cochrane review concluded that while there is some evidence for 5-HTP’s efficacy, the data are insufficient due to poor study quality and limited sample sizes. More recent systematic reviews echo this, noting a need for larger, well-designed trials. Mechanistically, 5-HTP increases brain serotonin, which could plausibly alleviate depression, but individual response may vary.

Overall, while there is some scientific support for the use of 5-HTP in depression, the evidence is moderate and not definitive. Caution is warranted due to potential side effects (e.g., gastrointestinal upset, risk of serotonin syndrome when combined with other serotonergic agents). It is not widely recommended as first-line therapy but may be considered when conventional treatments are unsuitable or as an adjunct under medical supervision.

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