Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Vitamin D has been investigated in relation to cognitive decline and dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease. Several observational studies have found that low serum levels of vitamin D are associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment and dementia in older adults. This has led to the hypothesis that vitamin D supplementation might help prevent or treat dementia. However, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses have provided mixed and generally modest results. While some small studies have reported improved cognitive function with vitamin D supplementation, larger and more rigorous RCTs have failed to demonstrate a significant benefit in preventing or slowing the progression of dementia.

The proposed mechanisms include vitamin D’s role in neuroprotection, reduction of inflammation, and regulation of neurotrophic factors. Nevertheless, evidence remains insufficient to recommend vitamin D specifically as a treatment for dementia. Current clinical guidelines suggest vitamin D supplementation primarily for bone health, especially in populations at risk of deficiency, rather than as a therapy for dementia.

In summary, while there is some scientific rationale and observational evidence linking vitamin D status to cognitive health, interventional evidence is weak. Therefore, vitamin D is not established as an effective treatment for dementia, and its use for this indication is not strongly supported by current scientific data.

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