Evidence supporting the use of: Vitamin D (cholecalciferol)
For the health condition: Dementia

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Vitamin D (cholecalciferol) has been investigated for its potential role in supporting or treating dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease. Epidemiological studies have consistently found an association between low serum levels of vitamin D and increased risk of cognitive decline and dementia. Some mechanistic studies suggest vitamin D may exert neuroprotective effects through reduction of neuroinflammation, regulation of calcium homeostasis, and clearance of amyloid plaques. However, the majority of evidence is observational and does not establish causation.

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of vitamin D supplementation in individuals with dementia or at risk for cognitive decline have produced mixed results. While a few small trials have shown modest improvements in cognitive function with supplementation, most larger RCTs have not demonstrated significant benefits in preventing or treating dementia. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses generally conclude that there is insufficient high-quality evidence to recommend vitamin D supplementation specifically for dementia prevention or treatment.

In summary, while there is scientific interest and some supportive epidemiological and mechanistic data, clinical evidence supporting the use of vitamin D for dementia is limited and inconsistent. Vitamin D supplementation may be reasonable for individuals with proven deficiency for general health, but its role in dementia management remains unproven.

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