Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Vitamin B9 (Folate) has some scientific evidence supporting its use in relation to dementia, though the evidence is limited and not definitive. Folate is essential for one-carbon metabolism and DNA synthesis, and deficiency in folate can lead to elevated homocysteine levels, which are associated with increased risk of cognitive decline and dementia. Several observational studies have found that low serum folate is more common in individuals with Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia. Some randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have evaluated whether folic acid supplementation can improve cognitive function or slow cognitive decline in older adults. Results are mixed: certain studies report small improvements in cognitive scores with supplementation, particularly in those who are deficient at baseline or have high homocysteine, while others find no significant benefit. A 2018 meta-analysis of RCTs indicated that folic acid supplementation may have a modest effect on memory and overall cognitive function, especially among individuals with low baseline folate status. However, the clinical significance of these findings remains uncertain, and no major guideline recommends folate supplementation solely for dementia prevention or treatment in the absence of deficiency. In summary, while folate is biologically plausible as a factor in cognitive health and dementia, current evidence supports supplementation primarily in cases of deficiency, and not as a general treatment for dementia.

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