Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Vitamin B9, particularly in the form of calcium methylfolate, has been investigated for its potential role in supporting or treating dementia. The rationale stems from the involvement of folate in one-carbon metabolism, which is crucial for DNA synthesis, repair, and methylation—processes important for neuronal health. Low folate status has been associated with cognitive decline and an increased risk of dementia in observational studies. Some research suggests that folate deficiency leads to elevated homocysteine levels, a known risk factor for vascular disease and potentially for neurodegeneration.

However, interventional trials using folic acid or methylfolate supplementation in individuals with dementia or at risk for cognitive decline have produced mixed results. Some small studies have shown modest improvements in certain cognitive parameters, especially in those with existing folate deficiency. Larger, well-controlled trials, though, have generally failed to demonstrate significant or consistent benefits in cognitive outcomes for the general population or those with established dementia.

Current clinical guidelines do not recommend routine use of vitamin B9 supplementation for dementia prevention or treatment except in cases of documented deficiency. The evidence base is therefore limited (rated as 2/5), with some biological plausibility and preliminary clinical support, but lacking robust, consistent validation from large, high-quality trials.

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