Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Vitamin B3 (Niacinamide) has a basis for use in dementia primarily because severe deficiency of niacin (pellagra) is known to cause a dementia syndrome, along with dermatitis and diarrhea—the classic “three Ds.” Pellagra-related dementia is well-documented and responds dramatically to niacin supplementation. However, outside of this deficiency context, the evidence that niacinamide supplementation benefits common forms of dementia, such as Alzheimer’s disease, is limited and not robust. Some animal studies and preliminary laboratory research have suggested potential neuroprotective effects of niacinamide, such as reducing tau pathology or supporting neuronal health. Small clinical studies have explored B vitamin supplementation (including niacinamide) for cognitive decline, but results have been inconsistent and generally do not show significant benefit in most people with dementia unrelated to pellagra. Major clinical guidelines do not recommend vitamin B3 supplementation for dementia prevention or treatment unless there is a proven deficiency. In summary, while curing pellagra-related dementia with niacinamide is well validated, the broader use of niacinamide for dementia, particularly Alzheimer’s disease or vascular dementia, lacks strong scientific support.

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