Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Vitamin B12 is essential for normal neurological function and the maintenance of healthy nerve cells. Deficiency of vitamin B12 can cause a range of neuropsychiatric symptoms, including cognitive impairment, memory loss, and even dementia-like presentations. Several observational studies have shown that low serum B12 levels are more common in elderly individuals with dementia compared to healthy controls. Correction of B12 deficiency has been shown to improve cognitive function in some patients with documented deficiency, particularly when treated early. However, large randomized controlled trials have generally not found that B12 supplementation improves cognition in patients with established dementia who are not deficient in B12. Current clinical guidelines recommend checking for and correcting B12 deficiency in patients with cognitive impairment, as this is a reversible cause of dementia. The evidence does not support the use of B12 supplementation for dementia prevention or treatment in individuals with normal B12 levels. Thus, the scientific evidence supports its use in cases of deficiency, but not for the general population with dementia.

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