Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Vitamin B, particularly B6, B9 (folic acid), and B12, has been investigated for its potential role in supporting or treating dementia, especially Alzheimer's disease. The scientific rationale is based on the observation that elevated homocysteine levels—a risk factor for cognitive decline—can be lowered by these B vitamins. Several observational studies have shown that individuals with dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) often have lower levels of these vitamins compared to healthy controls. Some randomized controlled trials (RCTs) suggest that vitamin B supplementation can slow the rate of brain atrophy in people with MCI, especially those with high homocysteine. For instance, the VITACOG trial (2010) found that high-dose B vitamin supplementation slowed brain atrophy in participants with MCI. However, the overall effect on cognitive function has been inconsistent. Meta-analyses indicate that while B vitamin supplementation may lower homocysteine and reduce brain atrophy rates, there is limited and mixed evidence that it translates into significant clinical improvement in cognition or daily functioning.

Therefore, scientific evidence does support a biological link and some effects of vitamin B on brain health and risk factors for dementia, but the clinical benefits for dementia treatment or prevention are limited and not robustly established. Most guidelines do not recommend routine vitamin B supplementation for dementia unless a deficiency is present.

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