Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Vitamin E (as mixed tocopherols) has some scientific evidence supporting its use in dementia, particularly Alzheimer’s disease, but the evidence is limited and mixed. Several randomized controlled trials have investigated vitamin E supplementation in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease. The most prominent is the TEAM-AD trial (2014), which found that high-dose vitamin E (2,000 IU/day) slowed functional decline in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease compared to placebo. However, the benefit was modest and did not significantly improve cognitive outcomes. Earlier studies, such as the ADCS trial (1997), also showed a delay in disease progression with vitamin E, but these studies raised concerns about the high dosages used and possible increased mortality with long-term, high-dose supplementation.

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses generally conclude that vitamin E may offer some benefit in slowing functional decline in Alzheimer’s disease, but not in improving cognition or preventing the onset of dementia. The evidence is not robust for other types of dementia. The use of vitamin E is not based on tradition but rather on its antioxidant properties, theorized to reduce oxidative stress implicated in neurodegenerative processes. However, concerns about safety and inconsistent efficacy limit its routine recommendation. Most clinical guidelines do not endorse vitamin E as a standard treatment for dementia, but it may be considered in select cases under medical supervision.

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